What is the best substrate for bearded dragons?

The best substrate for bearded dragons is generally considered to be a solid substrate such as non-adhesive shelf liner, ceramic tile, or reptile carpet. These substrates are easy to clean, do not pose a risk of impaction (ingesting substrate material), and provide a stable surface for the bearded dragon to walk on.

Sand or loose substrates such as calcium sand or walnut shells are not recommended for bearded dragons, as there is a high risk of ingestion leading to impaction, which can be life-threatening. Additionally, loose substrates can be difficult to clean and can harbor bacteria if not properly maintained.

It is important to provide a solid substrate in the bearded dragon's enclosure to help maintain proper hygiene and prevent health issues. Additionally, offering a variety of surfaces such as rocks, branches, and climbing structures can help keep the bearded dragon's feet healthy and provide mental stimulation.